Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2)

Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) er det mest brukte verktøyet i klinisk praksis i Europa for å identifisere mild til moderat motorisk svikt hos barn.[1][2][3][4] Testen er normreferert, hvor barnet utfører ulike motoriske oppgaver etter standardiserte retningslinjer.[7] MABC-2 er utviklet for å vurdere fin- og grovmotoriske ferdigheter gjennom tre hovedområder: manuell fingerferdighet, ballferdigheter og balanse.[8][9]

Målgruppe og formål

• Alder: 3-16 år

• Formål: Tidlig identifikasjon av motoriske avvik, vurdering av motorisk ferdighetsnivå og planlegging av terapeutiske tiltak.[8]

MABC-2 er tidsbesparende og barnet samarbeider vanligvis godt med testlederen.[10]

Klinisk nytteverdi

• Tidsbruk: 20–40 minutter

• Utførelse: Standardisert rekkefølge, men med rom for fleksibilitet.

• Testledere: Fysioterapeuter, ergoterapeuter, barneleger og forskere.[11]

• Opplæring: Ikke påkrevd.

Teststruktur

Testen er delt inn i tre aldersgrupper, med økende vanskelighetsgrad:

Aldersgruppe 1 (3:0 – 6:11 år)

• Manuell fingerferdighet: Mynter i eske, perletrening, stiplede streker

• Ballferdigheter: Fange ertepose, kaste på matte

• Balanse: Stå på ett ben, gå på tå, hoppe på matter

Aldersgruppe 2 (7:0 – 10:11 år)

• Manuell fingerferdighet: Pinner i brett, tre snor, stiplede streker

• Ballferdigheter: Kaste ball mot vegg, kaste ertepose på mål

• Balanse: Stå på ett ben på balansebrett, hel-tå gange, hinke

Aldersgruppe 3 (11:0 – 16:11 år)

• Manuell fingerferdighet: Snu plugger, bygge trekant, stiplede streker

• Ballferdigheter: Kaste ball mot vegg med en hånd, kaste ball på mål

• Balanse: Stå på to plater, gå baklengs hel-tå, hoppe diagonalt

Scoring

Testen gir en totalscore og delscorer for hver deltest. En fargekodet «trafikklysmodell» brukes:

• Rød sone (≤ 5. persentil): Betydelig motorisk vansker

• Gul sone (6.-15. persentil): Risiko for motoriske vansker

• Grønn sone (>16. persentil): Ingen motoriske vansker[9]

Evidens

• Samtidig validitet: God sammenheng med andre pediatriske motoriske tester[15]

• Brukes i mange land: Japan[22], Kina[23], Belgia[6], Kroatia[24], Nederland[1], Brasil[25], Thailand[26] m.fl.

• Anvendelsesområder: ADHD[28][29][30], ASD[31][32][33], språkvansker[34][35], DCD[36][37][38][39][40], lærevansker[41], m.m.

Psykometriske egenskaper

• Intrarater reliabilitet: ICC 0,88

• Interrater reliabilitet: ICC 0,96–0,99

• SEM (målefeil): 1,34

• MDC (95 % KI): 1,83 poeng

• Sensitivitet/spesifisitet: Sensitivitet 69,69 %, spesifisitet 52,10 %

• MCID: 1,39 poeng (sensitivitet 72,47 %, spesifisitet 46,18 %)

Konklusjon

MABC-2 er et anerkjent, standardisert og internasjonalt utbredt verktøy for å kartlegge barns motoriske ferdigheter. Testen er godt dokumentert, reliabel og valid, og kan tilpasses ulike kliniske settinger.

Scoringsskjema (MABC-2)

Barnets navn: ___________________________________

Fødselsdato: _____________________ ### Dato for testing: ______________________

Alder ved test: ___________ år _______ måneder

Del A: Manuell Fingerferdighet

Oppgave	Score (0-5)	Kommentarer
1. Mynter i eske
2. Perletrening
3. Stiplede streker
Sum Del A

Del B: Ballferdigheter

Oppgave	Score (0-5)	Kommentarer
1. Fange ertepose
2. Kaste på matte
Sum Del B

Del C: Balanse

Oppgave	Score (0-5)	Kommentarer
1. Stå på ett ben
2. Gå på tå
3. Hoppe på matter
Sum Del C

Totalscore

Deltest	Sum
Del A
Del B
Del C
TOTALT

Resultattabell (Tolkning)

Percentil	Kategori	Anbefaling
≤ 5 %	Signifikant motorisk vansker	Henvis til spesialist. Individuell oppfølging.
6-15 %	Risiko for motoriske vansker	Følg opp med trening/tiltak. Monitorering anbefales.
> 16 %	Ingen motoriske vansker	Ingen spesiell oppfølging nødvendig.

Kommentarer/Fritekst

Signatur tester: _________________________ ### Dato: _________________

NB: Score hver oppgave på en skala fra 0 til 5 etter MABC-2 manualen. Totalscoren sammenlignes deretter med aldersnormer for å plassere barnet i korrekt percentilgruppe (bruk de offisielle normtabellene fra MABC-2-manualen). Grunnet opphavsrett kan ikke den gengis her....

Kilder:

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2. Jongmans MJ. Early identification of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. In: Sugden DA, Chambers M, editors. Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. London: Whurr; 2005. p. 155-167.

3. Missiuna C, Rivard L, Bartlett D. Early Identification and Risk Management of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 2003;15(1), 32–38.

4. Coxon ML, Hoyt CR, Smith AE, Hadders-Algra M. Going Beyond Conventional Assessment of Developmental Motor Disorders: Exploring Video Methods for Early Identification Among Children 0 to 3 Years. Advances in Rehabilitation Science and Practice. 2023;12.

5. Geuze RH, Jongmans MJ, Schoemaker MM, & Smits-Engelsman BCM. Clinical and research diagnostic criteria for developmental coordination disorder: A review and discussion. Human Movement Science. 2001;20:7– 47.

6. Schoemaker MM, Niemeijer AS, Flapper BCT, et al. Validity and reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist for children with and without motor impairments. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(4):368–375.

7. Huang CY, Huang TY, Koh CL, Yu YT, Chen KL. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition in Ages 3 to 6 Years: A Cross-Cultural Comparison for Children in Taiwan, Physical Therapy. 2023.

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9. Brown T, Lalor A. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition (MABC-2): A Review and Critique. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics. 2009; 29(1): 86–103.

10. Van Waelvelde H, De Weerdt W, De Cock P, Smits-Engelsman BC. Aspects of the validity of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. Human Movement Science. 2004; 23(1), 49–60.

11. Griffiths A, Toovey R, Morgan PE, Spittle AJ.Psychometric properties of gross motor assessment tools for children: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(10), e021734.

12. Riane Wubbenhorst. Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd Edition. : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FucZyMY_ug

13. CR. ABC assessment. : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oq9SBoVDD0

14. CR. ABC assessment. : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oq9SBoVDD0

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22. Hirata S, Kita Y, Yasunaga M, Suzuki K, Okumura Y, Okuzumi H, Hosobuchi T, Kokubun M, Inagaki M, Nakai A. Applicability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–second edition (MABC-2) for Japanese children aged 3–6 years: A preliminary investigation emphasizing internal consistency and factorial validity. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9

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