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Bragard’s Sign (Braggard’s Test)

Bragard’s Sign, also known as Braggard’s Test, is a neurological examination used to differentiate whether pain in the lumbar spine and/or along the sciatic nerve originates from lumbosacral radiculopathy, such as a herniated disc with nerve root compression.

This test is often performed as an adjunct to the Straight Leg Raise (SLR), enhancing diagnostic precision in cases of suspected nerve root irritation.

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Test Procedure

  1. The patient lies in supine position.

  2. The examiner performs a Straight Leg Raise (Lasègue’s Test) by passively flexing the patient’s hip with the knee extended, until the familiar pain is reproduced.

  3. The leg is then lowered slightly, just below the pain threshold.

  4. The examiner applies passive dorsiflexion of the ankle.

  5. Positive test: Pain is reproduced again during dorsiflexion, suggesting a neurogenic cause such as nerve root compression or irritation.



Evidens

En studie av Homayouni et al. med 506 pasienter undersøkte sensitiviteten og spesifisiteten til Bragard’s tegn for diagnostisering av lumbosakral radikulopati[1]. Studien viste at testen hadde god diagnostisk verdi, særlig hos pasienter med symptomvarighet under tre uker. Etter hvert som sensitiviteten og spesifisiteten til Straight Leg Raise-testen avtok, økte testens diagnostiske verdi.

Test

Sensitivitet

Spesifisitet

Bragard’s tegn

69,3%

76,42%

Bruk i klinisk praksis

For å oppnå en mer presis vurdering av lumbal- eller isjialgi-relaterte smerter, anbefales det å kombinere Bragard's tegn med flere kliniske tester[2]. Dette gjelder spesielt ved mistanke om dysfunksjon i iliosakralleddet eller andre spinaltilstander. Eksempler på supplerende tester inkluderer:

  • Antalgisk holdningstest

  • Bechterews sittende test

  • Bowstring-tegn

  • Cox-tegn

  • Slump-test

Bragard's tegn kan være et nyttig verktøy for klinikere ved vurdering av radikulopatiske smerter, men bør alltid tolkes i sammenheng med andre kliniske funn og pasientens sykehistorie.


Kilder

  1. Homayouni K, Halimeh Jafari S, Yari Hossein. Sensitivity and Specificity of Modified Bragard Test in Patients with Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Using Elecrodiagnosis as a Reference Standard. J Chiropr Med. 2018; 17:36-43.

  2. Petersen T, Laslett M, Juhl C. Clinical classification in low back pain: best-evidence diagnostic rules based on systematic reviews. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017; 18: 188.

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