Outcome measures

The Five Times Sit to Stand Test (5xSST) measures lower limb strength, balance, and fall risk. Learn procedure, cut-off values, reliability, and clinical use.

The 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a simple, reliable, and standardized method for evaluating endurance and functional capacity. Widely used in patients with cardiopulmonary, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders, it provides essential information on treatment outcomes and rehabilitation progress.

The Harvard Step Test is a classic endurance assessment designed to predict VO₂ max and evaluate cardiovascular fitness. Originally developed for the military, it is now applied to children, athletes, clinical populations, and research settings. Valid, reliable, and cost-effective, it remains a key field test for aerobic capacity.

The Dyspnea Management Questionnaire (DMQ) is a multidimensional tool that evaluates how dyspnea affects daily life, anxiety, activity avoidance, confidence and coping strategies. Available in 30-item, 56-item and computer-adaptive versions, the DMQ provides reliable, valid insights for tailoring pulmonary rehabilitation, measuring treatment effectiveness and reducing anxiety related to breathing difficulties.

The Olerud–Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) is a patient-reported outcome measure specifically developed for adults recovering from ankle fractures. It consists of nine questions covering pain, stiffness, swelling, stair climbing, running, jumping, squatting, use of supports and work/activity level. Scores range from 0 (severe symptoms) to 100 (optimal function). OMAS is quick to administer, reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change, making it valuable for post-surgical fol

The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is a widely used clinical tool to assess balance in older adults and stroke patients. With 14 items scored 0–4, it provides objective information about fall risk, functional capacity, and rehabilitation progress.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a clinical tool for assessing the depth and duration of impaired consciousness and coma after acute brain injury. Developed in 1974 by Graham Teasdale and Bryan Jennett, it has become the international gold standard for monitoring neurological function. GCS evaluates eye, verbal, and motor responses, providing a reliable measure of brain injury severity and prognosis.

The 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) is a performance-based measure of walking speed used across neurological, orthopedic, and geriatric populations. It is valid, reliable, and responsive for tracking functional mobility and rehabilitation progress.

The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) is a test that evaluates gait and balance in challenging situations. It consists of eight tasks scored on a 4-point scale, with a maximum score of 24. Scores below 19 indicate increased fall risk. The test has been validated against other balance measures, shows high reliability, and is widely used in rehabilitation for stroke, Parkinson’s disease and vestibular disorders.

FADI is a self-report tool for measuring function in foot and ankle problems. The instrument is validated, reliable, and useful for both clinical practice and research.

The Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is a valid, reliable, and responsive tool to measure functional changes in daily activities over time.

The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a quick and reliable tool to assess frailty in older adults, predicting hospitalization, care needs, and mortality risk.

Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) is a standardized test for ages 3–16, widely used to assess fine/gross motor skills and identify delays.

Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and PEDI-CAT assess children’s functional skills, independence, and caregiver support needs.

The Single Leg Stance Test (SLS) is a quick and simple tool to assess static balance and fall risk in adults and older adults.

The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a validated tool for assessing infant gross motor development from birth to 18 months. Used worldwide in pediatrics and physiotherapy.

The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a validated tool for assessing functional balance and fall risk in children with mild to moderate motor impairments.

The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a validated 10-item test to evaluate balance, gait, and fall risk in neurological and vestibular patients.

The Y Balance Test (YBT) is a validated tool for assessing functional balance and injury risk. Learn the lower and upper quarter protocols, cut-off scores, and reliability.

The Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) is a validated parent-reported screening tool for identifying sleep-related breathing problems in children. It helps detect obstructive sleep apnoea, excessive daytime sleepiness, and behavioural consequences, guiding referrals for polysomnography and specialist care.