Scapular Retraction Test

The Scapular Retraction Test is used to stabilize the scapula in a retracted position and evaluate the strength of the supraspinatus muscle. A neutral retracted scapular position improves the supraspinatus’ ability to generate maximal force compared to an excessively protracted or retracted position¹².

The test is particularly useful for identifying patients with apparent supraspinatus weakness due to scapular dyskinesis².

Test execution

Step 1 – Traditional Empty Can Test

• The patient’s shoulder is placed in 90° flexion, internal rotation, and in the scapular plane.

• The examiner applies a downward force against the arm while the patient attempts to resist.

Step 2 – Repeat with scapular stabilization

• The examiner stabilizes the scapula in a retracted position.

• The examiner’s fingers are placed over the patient’s anterior shoulder near the clavicle, while the forearm rests along the medial border of the scapula.

Interpretation

• Positive test: Supraspinatus strength improves when the scapula is stabilized in retraction. This is demonstrated by the patient being able to resist the examiner’s downward force better compared to the traditional Empty Can Test³.

Clinical relevance

• Helps differentiate true supraspinatus weakness from weakness due to scapular dyskinesis.

• Provides clinicians with a functional tool for assessing the impact of scapular stabilization on rotator cuff performance.

• Useful for guiding rehabilitation strategies that emphasize scapular control and stability in patients with shoulder dysfunction.

Conclusion

The Scapular Retraction Test is a valuable clinical method for evaluating supraspinatus strength and the influence of scapular stabilization on shoulder function. It can reveal apparent weakness caused by scapular dyskinesis and guide targeted rehabilita

Sources:

1. Kibler BW, Sciascia A, Wilkes T. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder injury. JAAOS-journal of the American academy of orthopaedic surgeons. 2012 Jun 1;20(6):364-72.

2. Kibler WB, Sciascia A, Dome D. Evaluation of apparent and absolute supraspinatus strength in patients with shoulder injury using the scapular retraction test. The American journal of sports medicine. 2006 Oct;34(10):1643-7.

3. Khazzam M, Gates ST, Tisano BK, Kukowski N. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Scapular Retraction Test in Assessing the Status of the Rotator Cuff. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. 2018 Sep 25;6(10):2325967118799308.